Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes. It occurs when high blood sugar damages tiny blood vessels in the retina. The retina is a thin layer of tissue at the back of the eye that helps process visual information. When blood vessels in the retina weaken, they can leak fluid or bleed, disrupting vision. This condition is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults with diabetes.
Over time, diabetic retinopathy can worsen. In early stages, it may not cause any symptoms. But without detection and care, it can lead to vision loss. More than one in four people with diabetes will develop some form of this disease. A smaller percentage may develop severe vision impairment without treatment.
What Is Diabetic Retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy develops due to prolonged high blood sugar levels. These levels damage the blood vessels that supply the retina. The disease progresses in two main stages. The first is non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, where blood vessels may swell or leak. The second is proliferative diabetic retinopathy, where new abnormal vessels form and may bleed inside the eye.
This condition affects people with all types of diabetes. It can appear after several years of living with the disease. Anyone with diabetes is at risk, as well as especially those with poor blood sugar control or long-term diabetes.
What Are the Symptoms of diabetic retinopathy disease?
In its early stages, diabetic retinopathy usually causes no symptoms. This is why regular eye exams are critical. As the disease progresses, as well as symptoms may start to appear in both eyes. You might notice blurry vision or see floaters—dark spots or strings floating in your view. Night vision may also get worse.
Some people experience sudden vision changes or even temporary loss of sight. These changes signal damage to the retina. If you experience any of these symptoms, as well as contact your eye doctor immediately.
How Is Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosed?
The best way to detect retinopathy is through a dilated eye exam. During this exam, drops are used to widen your pupils. This allows the eye doctor to view the back of the eye more clearly. You may notice blurry vision or light sensitivity for a few hours after the exam.
If a full eye exam is not possible, retinal photographs can be taken. These images help doctors identify any changes in the eye. Comparing images from different visits helps track disease progression and guides treatment.
How Is Diabetic Retinopathy Treated?
Early detection allows for close monitoring and blood sugar control. In advanced stages, treatments help prevent further damage. These may include medications injected into the eye, as well as laser treatments, or surgery.
Your eye doctor will recommend a treatment plan based on how advanced the disease is. Regular follow-up appointments are essential. Acting early gives you the best chance to preserve your vision.
How Can You Protect Your Eyes When Living with Diabetes?
To protect your eyes, start by controlling your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol. These numbers play a major role in eye health. Eating well, as well as exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking all support better outcomes.
Annual dilated eye exams are crucial. If you can’t schedule one, talk to your doctor about having retinal photos taken. These photos, reviewed by a specialist, can still detect problems early. Managing diabetes and taking care of your eyes go hand in hand.